@confusedfl22
You are supposed to use the exchange rate published by the financial institution that is involved in the transaction, as of the day of the transaction. But the NTA has also said that any mainstream source of exchange rates is acceptable, as long as it is used consistently (i.e., you use the same source for each transaction).
If your benefits are paid in USD, each payment will have the JPY value as of the exchange rate when it was received. However, the payment will also affect your USD cost basis (the average JPY acquisition price of all the USD that you hold), which is relevant to the calculation of your foreign exchange gain in the event that you spend USD or exchange USD for another currency/asset.
As you may be aware, Japanese residents can have US social security benefits paid into a Japanese bank account, which simplifies the tax treatment even more, avoiding the need to track foreign exchange gains, etc.
is there a specific USD-JYEN exchange rate to use?
You are supposed to use the exchange rate published by the financial institution that is involved in the transaction, as of the day of the transaction. But the NTA has also said that any mainstream source of exchange rates is acceptable, as long as it is used consistently (i.e., you use the same source for each transaction).
If your benefits are paid in USD, each payment will have the JPY value as of the exchange rate when it was received. However, the payment will also affect your USD cost basis (the average JPY acquisition price of all the USD that you hold), which is relevant to the calculation of your foreign exchange gain in the event that you spend USD or exchange USD for another currency/asset.
As you may be aware, Japanese residents can have US social security benefits paid into a Japanese bank account, which simplifies the tax treatment even more, avoiding the need to track foreign exchange gains, etc.