Passive investing: ETF vs Mutual Funds. Do we have a new winner? (Data backed research)

@shammysdad
Tracking error includes TER.

False!!!

Tracking Error is a resultant effect - it is defined as the standard deviation of your excess returns vs benchmark.
Tracking Error just measures how volatile your excess returns will be.

Hypothetically, if I have a fund that always returns exactly 2% less than MSCI World, then its Tracking Error would be 0.

Extending this (and with a crude approximation), if the TER is constant over time, then one can say it's marginal contribution to tracking error is 0.

To say it includes the TER is wrong. You are adding a first moment term to a second moment term.
 

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